A sustained increase in the price of a commodity, security, or the entire market, after a period of decline.

The rate of return on an investment is the gain or loss on an investment expressed as a percentage of the total amount invested. The return on an investment consists of any income received from the security (interest or dividend income), plus any increases in the security's value (capital gains)

A measure of probability of a bond's default (failure to make timely payment of principal or interest on the bond).

REIT is a company that owns income-producing real estate or related assets. The REIT issues shares which are traded on organized exchanges as they were stocks. REIT allows individuals to invest in the real estate market.

The act of realigning the percentages or weightings of different types of securities in a portfolio to return to the appropriate asset allocation mix, especially in relation to the changes in one's investment goals.

Sale of mutual fund shares by investors.

An individual required to be registered under Section 51(2) of the Securities Act, 2012. The three categories of registration for Registered Representatives are Advising, Brokering and Underwriting.

A person registered or required to be registered under Part IV of the Securities Act, 2012.

A regulator is a state agency tasked with being the main supervising entity of a financial institution.

An issuer: (a) that was immediately before the coming into force of this Act; a reporting under the former Act; (b) that is registered or is required to be registered under the Securities Act, 2012; (b) any of whose securities are listed on the a registered securities market; or (c) whose existence continues or who comes into existence following a takeover, business combination or other reorganisation involving an exchange of securities in which one of the parties was a reporting issuer at the time of the transaction.

The sale of a security with a commitment by the seller to buy the same security back from the purchaser at a specified price at a designated date in the future. See: Policy Framework for Repurchase Agreements pdf (175KB)

An individual who purchases small amounts of securities for him/herself as opposed to an institutional investor. Also called individual investor or small investor.

This occurs when a public company issues new shares to its existing shareholders to raise cash.

In finance, risk refers to the degree of uncertainty about the return an investor would earn on an investment. It relates to the possibility of an investor incurring a loss on his or her investments. A fundamental tenet in investing is the relationship between risk and return. In general, investments that have higher levels of risk offer higher rates of return to compensate investors for taking on the additional risk.

Risk aversion refers to the reluctance of an investor to take on risk. Risk-averse investors are very conservative and prefer to invest in relatively 'safe' investment instruments such as government bonds and treasury bills.

An investor's ability and willingness to take on risk. It also relates to the capacity of an investor to absorb declines in the value of his/her investments.

Digital platform that provide automated, system driven financial planning services with little to no human supervision.